Haplogroup E1a (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup E1a
Possible time of origin 40,000 - 45,000 years BP
Possible place of origin Africa
Ancestor E1
Descendants E1a1, E1a2, E1a3, E1a4
Defining mutations L633, M33, M132
Highest frequencies Fulbe (Cameroon) 53%[1], Dogon (Mali) 45%[2], Felupe-Djola (Guinea-Bissau) 34%[3], Papel-Manjaco-Mancanha (Guinea-Bissau) 20%[3], Tali (Cameroon) 20%[1], Hausa (Sudan) 16%[4], Nalú (Guinea-Bissau) 12%[3], Wolof (Senegambia) 12%[2], Balanta (Guinea-Bissau) 12%[3], Fulani (Sudan) 12%[4], Fulbe (Burkina Faso) 10%[1]

In human genetics, Haplogroup E1a (M33) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup E1a, along with haplogroup E1b, is one of the two main branches of the older E1. The E1a clade is divided into several subclades.

Contents

Origins

Distribution

E1a (E-M33) is found most often in West Africa, and today it is especially common in the region of Mali. One study has found haplogroup E1a-M33 Y-chromosomes in as much as 34% (15/44) of a sample of Malian men, including 2/44 E1a1-M44 and 13/44 E1a-M33/M132(xE1a1-M44).[5] In particular, the Dogon people of Mali have been found to carry haplogroup E1a-M33 with a frequency as high as 45.5% (25/55), making it perhaps the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in this population, though haplogroup E1b1a-P1 appears to be almost equally frequent among the Dogon (24/55 = 43.6%).[2] Another study has found haplogroup E1a-M33 in 15.6% (44/282) of a pool of seven samples of various ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau.[3] Haplogroup E1a also has been found in samples obtained from Moroccan Berbers, Sahrawis, Burkina Faso (including E1a-M33/M132(xE1a1-M44) in 2/20 = 10% Fulbe and 2/37 = 5.4% Rimaibe[1]), northern Cameroon (including E1a1-M44 in 9/17 = 53% Fulbe and E1a-M33/M132(xE1a1-M44) in 3/15 = 20% Tali[1]), Senegal (7/139 = 5.0%[6]), Ghana (1/29 = 3% Ga, 1/32 = 3% Fante[2]), Sudan (including 5/32 = 15.6% Hausa and 3/26 = 11.5% Fulani[4]), Egypt,[2][7] Calabria (including both Italian and Albanian inhabitants of the region), Italians from Trentino in northeastern Italy,[8] and Romanians from Constanţa.[9]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[10] and subsequent published research.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Fulvio Cruciani, Piero Santolamazza, Peidong Shen et al., "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes," American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1197–1214, 2002.
  2. ^ a b c d e Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. (cf. Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies)
  3. ^ a b c d e Alexandra Rosa, Carolina Ornelas, Mark A Jobling et al., "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective," BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:124.
  4. ^ a b c Hisham Y. Hassan, Peter A. Underhill, Luca L. Cavalli-Sforza, and Muntaser E. Ibrahim, "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History," American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2008).
  5. ^ Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin et al., "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," Nature Genetics, Volume 26, November 2000
  6. ^ Ornella Semino, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Francesco Falaschi et al., "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny," American Journal of Human Genetics 70:265–268, 2002.
  7. ^ J. R. Luis, D. J. Rowold, M. Regueiro, B. Caeiro, C. Cinnioğlu, C. Roseman, P. A. Underhill, L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, and R. J. Herrera, "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations," American Journal of Human Genetics 74:532-544, 2004.
  8. ^ Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery et al., "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe," European Journal of Human Genetics (2008), 1 – 11
  9. ^ E. Bosch, F. Calafell, A. González-Neira et al., "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns," Annals of Human Genetics (2006) 70, 459–487
  10. ^ Karafet et al. 2008

See Also

Evolutionary tree of Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
most recent common Y-ancestor
A
A1b A1a-T
A1a A2-T
A2 A3 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
O N Q R

Y-DNA by populations · Famous Y-DNA haplotypes

External links